能源集團(tuan)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)壓(ya)災(zai)害(hai)防(fang)治研究(jiu)中心成立以來,在能源集團(tuan)的(de)正確領導(dao)下,緊緊圍(wei)繞“研發、指(zhi)導(dao)、建標、協同(tong)及監督(du)(4+1)”的(de)職能定位,切實從能源集團(tuan)各單位沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)壓(ya)防(fang)治、研究(jiu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)實際需要(yao)出發,提高思想(xiang)認識,堅持問題導(dao)向,強化分類監管,推動示(shi)范(fan)引領,夯(hang)實沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)壓(ya)礦井防(fang)沖(chong)基礎,弱(ruo)化能源集團(tuan)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)災(zai)害(hai)形勢(shi),全(quan)面提升能源集團(tuan)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)壓(ya)防(fang)治管理水平。下面根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)實際,跟(gen)大(da)家交流三個方面的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。
一、防沖中心管控職能及工作開展
去年下半(ban)年以來,能(neng)源(yuan)集(ji)團上(shang)下承受了巨(ju)大的(de)壓力(li),特別是全(quan)(quan)省煤礦(kuang)安全(quan)(quan)工作會議的(de)召開,把煤礦(kuang)安全(quan)(quan)生產提到了全(quan)(quan)省煤炭行業“生存保衛戰”的(de)高(gao)度(du),可以說前所未有。面(mian)對(dui)嚴峻的(de)安全(quan)(quan)生產形(xing)勢,能(neng)源(yuan)集(ji)團高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視,統(tong)一(yi)思想認識,強化安全(quan)(quan)管控(kong),于2018年12月28日(ri)成立(li)了沖擊地壓災(zai)害防治(zhi)研究中心,聚集(ji)外部專家(jia)力(li)量,整合內部專業人員,組建院士領銜的(de)防沖專家(jia)隊伍(wu),明確(que)了研發、指導(dao)、建標、協(xie)同及監督“4+1”職能(neng)定位和10項管理職責(ze)。
成立以(yi)來,防(fang)沖(chong)中心嚴格落實管(guan)理(li)職責,加強沖(chong)擊地壓(ya)礦井監管(guan)督查力(li)度,提(ti)升(sheng)能源集團沖(chong)擊地壓(ya)防(fang)治管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping)。
(一)嚴(yan)格(ge)技術(shu)把關(guan),強化(hua)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)源頭管控。合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)工(gong)程設(she)(she)計(ji),規(gui)避設(she)(she)計(ji)缺(que)陷,實施中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介團隊(dui)認證制(zhi),明確要求各沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)地壓(ya)礦井(jing)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)評價(jia)與(yu)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)設(she)(she)計(ji),不(bu)得委托(tuo)未(wei)經防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心認證的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介團隊(dui),對問題中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介團隊(dui)實行退出機制(zhi);與(yu)遼工(gong)大、煤科安(an)全院、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國礦大等多個防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介團隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)評價(jia)與(yu)設(she)(she)計(ji)人員對接,明確“沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)地壓(ya)防(fang)(fang)治工(gong)程設(she)(she)計(ji)必(bi)須以弱化(hua)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)危險為前提”,嚴(yan)禁企業(礦井(jing))綁架中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介弱化(hua)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)工(gong)程設(she)(she)計(ji)。
(二(er))強化現(xian)(xian)場督(du)查(cha),提(ti)升防(fang)沖治災(zai)水平(ping)。一是對(dui)龍(long)(long)鄆煤業(ye)按(an)時間和生產組織(zhi)節點,開(kai)展重點監(jian)控,派(pai)遣技術人(ren)員輪流駐礦(kuang),開(kai)展龍(long)(long)鄆煤業(ye)“新巨(ju)龍(long)(long)防(fang)沖體(ti)系”復制建設,指導(dao)礦(kuang)井(jing)防(fang)沖監(jian)測(ce)預警閾值(zhi)設計與綜合防(fang)沖體(ti)系建設,1302(上)工作(zuo)面(mian)復產以來已安全推采(cai)(cai)220余米。二(er)是根據礦(kuang)井(jing)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)條件和沖擊(ji)地(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)顯現(xian)(xian)情況,基于管理需求,將(jiang)能(neng)源集團26對(dui)沖擊(ji)地(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)礦(kuang)井(jing)劃(hua)分為(wei)三類,實行分類管理、重點監(jian)控。三是堅持問題導(dao)向(xiang),按(an)照“全覆(fu)蓋、不漏項、嚴標準、重實效”的(de)(de)原則(ze),下礦(kuang)督(du)查(cha)40余次,完成26對(dui)沖擊(ji)地(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)礦(kuang)井(jing)的(de)(de)全覆(fu)蓋督(du)查(cha)工作(zuo)。
(三)建(jian)設(she)標(biao)準(zhun)體系,規范防沖(chong)(chong)(chong)管理(li)工(gong)作。為規范沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)災害(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)流(liu)程,達到沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)災害(hai)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)能(neng)力(li)和(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)水平提檔升級的(de)目的(de),杜絕沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)責任事故的(de)發生,實現沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)安全(quan)生產,組織制定了能(neng)源集團沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)防治(zhi)(zhi)技術管理(li)標(biao)準(zhun)。從(cong)評(ping)審評(ping)價、開采設(she)計、監(jian)測裝備、預警指標(biao)及(ji)解危(wei)卸壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)關鍵(jian)環節進行(xing)規范約束,打(da)造沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)管理(li)、流(liu)程化(hua)執(zhi)行(xing)、本(ben)質型安全(quan)的(de)生產模式。
(四)開(kai)發(fa)預警(jing)(jing)平臺,嚴格預警(jing)(jing)流程(cheng)閉環管控(kong)。設計研發(fa)了沖(chong)擊地(di)(di)壓大數(shu)據綜合預警(jing)(jing)平臺,實現了26對沖(chong)擊地(di)(di)壓礦(kuang)井(jing)震動場(chang)與應(ying)(ying)力場(chang)監測(ce)數(shu)據入網并實時上傳,以運行(xing)狀態和(he)監測(ce)數(shu)值(zhi)兩(liang)種預警(jing)(jing)方案、絕對值(zhi)預警(jing)(jing)和(he)危險狀態預警(jing)(jing)兩(liang)種預警(jing)(jing)形式,對沖(chong)擊地(di)(di)壓礦(kuang)井(jing)實施全(quan)方位實時監控(kong),最終達到無人值(zhi)守、智能預警(jing)(jing)、權限發(fa)布、相應(ying)(ying)反饋的動態監測(ce)目(mu)標(biao)。
二、沖擊地壓防治工作存在的問題
能源集團的(de)26對沖(chong)擊(ji)地壓礦(kuang)井分布廣泛、煤層賦存(cun)條件、開(kai)拓開(kai)采(cai)方(fang)式多(duo)(duo)樣(yang),沖(chong)擊(ji)災(zai)害誘(you)發因素復雜、類型多(duo)(duo)樣(yang),災(zai)害防治水(shui)平也參差不(bu)齊。截(jie)至目前(qian),能源集團受沖(chong)擊(ji)威脅回采(cai)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)50個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)綜放工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)24個(ge)(ge)、占(zhan)48%,超千米埋深(shen)13個(ge)(ge)、占(zhan)26%;受沖(chong)擊(ji)威脅的(de)掘進工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)103個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)機掘87個(ge)(ge)、占(zhan)85%,炮(pao)掘16個(ge)(ge)、占(zhan)15%。
截(jie)止6月底,共(gong)(gong)計下礦督察40余(yu)次,查出(chu)問(wen)題331條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),提出(chu)建議123條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。與(yu)能源集團安(an)監(jian)局聯(lian)合掛牌(pai)督辦(ban)較大問(wen)題10條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。共(gong)(gong)性(xing)問(wen)題中,機構制度建設方面19條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比5.7%;防沖(chong)監(jian)測預警方面47條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比14.2%;技術資料(liao)不完善或缺項73條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比22.1%;開拓開采與(yu)生產組(zu)織(zhi)不合理5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比1.5%;防治工程不到位50條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比15.1%;現場管理不到位42條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)中物料(liao)存放防沖(chong)固定30條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比9.5%,防沖(chong)限員8條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比2.5%;防沖(chong)培(pei)訓3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),占(zhan)(zhan)比0.6%。突(tu)出(chu)問(wen)題主要(yao)體現在(zai):
(一)采(cai)(cai)掘(jue)布局不合理。一是生產(chan)安(an)(an)排(pai)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)。督查(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)發現個(ge)別(bie)礦井存在(zai)生產(chan)安(an)(an)排(pai)過于(yu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)問題(ti),某礦同(tong)一采(cai)(cai)區內(nei)(nei)兩(liang)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)放面(mian)(mian)(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(一大一小(xiao),且開(kai)采(cai)(cai)方向垂直)同(tong)時掘(jue)進,大面(mian)(mian)(mian)軌道順槽(cao)(cao)與小(xiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)膠帶順槽(cao)(cao)交叉布置(zhi),危(wei)(wei)及大面(mian)(mian)(mian)軌道順槽(cao)(cao)后路安(an)(an)全(quan),且大面(mian)(mian)(mian)膠帶順槽(cao)(cao)(反掘(jue))與軌道順槽(cao)(cao)相向施工(gong)(gong)(gong),人為(wei)造成應力集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong),提(ti)高(gao)危(wei)(wei)險系數。二是擾動(dong)區內(nei)(nei)安(an)(an)排(pai)不合理采(cai)(cai)掘(jue)活動(dong)。某礦工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)里段計劃5月中(zhong)(zhong)旬撤面(mian)(mian)(mian),外(wai)段計劃4月底進行安(an)(an)裝,存在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)時間重疊,安(an)(an)面(mian)(mian)(mian)位置(zhi)位于(yu)里段開(kai)采(cai)(cai)應力影響(xiang)區范圍(wei),并且在(zai)采(cai)(cai)空(kong)區內(nei)(nei)留設斷(duan)層煤柱。另(ling)一個(ge)礦井的(de)回采(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)遇斷(duan)層,為(wei)搬家撤除(chu),在(zai)回采(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)超前(qian)支承壓力影響(xiang)范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)切眼掘(jue)進,人為(wei)加劇(ju)沖擊風(feng)險。
(二(er))開(kai)(kai)拓、開(kai)(kai)采(cai)設(she)計不(bu)合理。一是預掘撤面(mian)(mian)通(tong)道。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)為回(hui)采(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)停(ting)采(cai)后撤面(mian)(mian)準備,在(zai)停(ting)采(cai)線(xian)附(fu)近(jin)預掘撤面(mian)(mian)通(tong)道,增加了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)末(mo)(mo)采(cai)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)。二(er)是集中(zhong)巷(xiang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)偏小。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)延深水平集中(zhong)巷(xiang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)偏小,新建礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)或者延深礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)更(geng)為突出。某礦(kuang)(kuang)一盤(pan)區主要大巷(xiang)布置(zhi)在(zai)強沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)中(zhong),托頂煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、留(liu)(liu)底煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)且大巷(xiang)間(jian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)只有35米,煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)集中(zhong),發(fa)生多(duo)次沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)。三是大巷(xiang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)(liu)設(she)缺(que)乏依據(ju)(ju)。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)大巷(xiang)保(bao)護煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)根據(ju)(ju)防沖(chong)(chong)監測分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析數據(ju)(ju)留(liu)(liu)設(she),導致(zhi)(zhi)大巷(xiang)出現(xian)大變形(xing)(xing)破(po)壞(huai)和強烈動力(li)(li)顯現(xian)(尤其魯西南地區的礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)居多(duo))。四是形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)孤(gu)島煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)采(cai)區開(kai)(kai)采(cai)順(shun)(shun)(shun)序(xu)不(bu)合理,采(cai)區末(mo)(mo)采(cai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)等(deng)寬(kuan)孤(gu)島工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian),或受斷層(ceng)影響,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)類孤(gu)島工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian),增加了(le)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)。五是工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)不(bu)規則(ze)布置(zhi)。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)開(kai)(kai)切眼采(cai)取(qu)外錯(cuo)布置(zhi),易形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)集中(zhong),還(huan)有部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)受地質條件限制(zhi),造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)規則(ze)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)布置(zhi)、三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)區段煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)。六是開(kai)(kai)采(cai)順(shun)(shun)(shun)序(xu)混(hun)亂。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)多(duo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)聯合開(kai)(kai)采(cai),開(kai)(kai)采(cai)順(shun)(shun)(shun)序(xu)混(hun)亂,保(bao)護層(ceng)不(bu)明確(que),保(bao)護層(ceng)遺(yi)留(liu)(liu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)致(zhi)(zhi)沖(chong)(chong)關鍵點重視不(bu)足(zu),掌握不(bu)到位,部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)巷(xiang)道貫通(tong)位置(zhi)選擇(ze)不(bu)合理,未(wei)能選擇(ze)低(di)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)區貫通(tong)。
(三)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)組織不(bu)(bu)合理。一是(shi)高(gao)推快掘。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)礦井(jing)(jing)(jing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)組織不(bu)(bu)考慮(lv)防沖(chong)要求,高(gao)推快掘、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)強(qiang)(qiang)度過大。二是(shi)復產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后不(bu)(bu)降生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)強(qiang)(qiang)度。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)礦井(jing)(jing)(jing)停產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后恢復生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)時,急(ji)于達(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)而沒有采取降低(di)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)強(qiang)(qiang)度,逐步過渡到(dao)正常生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的措施,容(rong)易發生(sheng)沖(chong)擊。三是(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)與防沖(chong)協調不(bu)(bu)合理,造成防沖(chong)工程欠(qian)賬(zhang)。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)礦井(jing)(jing)(jing)防沖(chong)工程拖后嚴重,尤其(qi)是(shi)掘進(jin)工作(zuo)面(mian)空間(jian)狹小,部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)礦井(jing)(jing)(jing)防沖(chong)卸壓孔拖后迎(ying)頭超過40米。
(四)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)工(gong)程設(she)(she)計不合理。一是(shi)中(zhong)介(jie)弱化(hua)評(ping)(ping)價。存在(zai)個別中(zhong)介(jie)機構在(zai)評(ping)(ping)價過程中(zhong)受(shou)企業綁架(jia),弱化(hua)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)工(gong)程設(she)(she)計的現象。二是(shi)自(zi)身弱化(hua)評(ping)(ping)價。部(bu)分礦(kuang)井(jing)自(zi)行(xing)評(ping)(ping)價的防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)工(gong)程設(she)(she)計,存在(zai)卸壓施工(gong)參(can)數(shu)不合理、人為弱化(hua)工(gong)程參(can)數(shu)和(he)沖(chong)(chong)擊危險區域(yu)劃分問題(ti)。三是(shi)裝(zhuang)備配置不足(zu)。部(bu)分礦(kuang)井(jing)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)裝(zhuang)備配置不足(zu),缺少大(da)功(gong)率防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)卸壓鉆機,無(wu)法滿足(zu)防(fang)(fang)沖(chong)(chong)工(gong)程需要。
(五)巷道支(zhi)護(hu)強(qiang)(qiang)度不(bu)足。一是支(zhi)護(hu)設計不(bu)合理(li)。如個別礦井(jing)護(hu)表強(qiang)(qiang)度不(bu)足,設計錨桿預緊力僅為(wei)200N*m,幫部支(zhi)護(hu)強(qiang)(qiang)度遠低于頂板(ban)設計強(qiang)(qiang)度等。二(er)是護(hu)表構(gou)件強(qiang)(qiang)度不(bu)足。如自制皮(pi)帶托盤、強(qiang)(qiang)度不(bu)足的M鋼帶、鋼筋梯等。三(san)是支(zhi)護(hu)管(guan)理(li)不(bu)到位。
部分(fen)礦(kuang)井(jing)出(chu)現斷(duan)錨桿、錨索及(ji)支護(hu)(hu)網兜等(deng)問題,未及(ji)時采取(qu)補強措(cuo)施,或弱化工作面兩(liang)巷超前支護(hu)(hu)強度。
(六)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測監(jian)(jian)(jian)控系統問題較多。一是系統安(an)裝(zhuang)不(bu)(bu)規范。有(you)(you)的礦(kuang)井(jing)微震(zhen)拾震(zhen)器安(an)裝(zhuang)在人行(xing)道底板,探頭未(wei)安(an)裝(zhuang)在頂底板巖(yan)層(ceng)內(nei),應力(li)傳(chuan)感器安(an)裝(zhuang)方向不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)確。二是預(yu)(yu)警指標(biao)(biao)設(she)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)合(he)理。部分礦(kuang)井(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測預(yu)(yu)警各級指標(biao)(biao)設(she)置(zhi)偏高,缺乏增量和梯(ti)度(du)預(yu)(yu)警指標(biao)(biao),且監(jian)(jian)(jian)測系統運行(xing)穩定性較差。三是預(yu)(yu)警處(chu)置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)時。出現預(yu)(yu)警情況后(hou)不(bu)(bu)能及(ji)時采取處(chu)置(zhi)措施,響應不(bu)(bu)及(ji)時,更有(you)(you)甚者置(zhi)若罔聞。四是鉆屑法(fa)(fa)預(yu)(yu)警指標(biao)(biao)不(bu)(bu)合(he)理。存在不(bu)(bu)按照鉆粉率指數(shu)與標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)煤粉量設(she)計極(ji)限煤粉量的問題,預(yu)(yu)警不(bu)(bu)科學。五是數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分析應用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)到位。部分礦(kuang)井(jing)缺乏基本的監(jian)(jian)(jian)測數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分析制度(du)和數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)分析應用(yong)(yong)能力(li),無法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)效應用(yong)(yong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)指導(dao)安(an)全生產。
三、強化(hua)沖(chong)擊地壓礦井管控
對沖(chong)(chong)擊地(di)壓災害防(fang)治工作(zuo)認識、認知、重視程度(du)等,各礦(kuang)存在較(jiao)大(da)差異,在生產組織、接續安排、措施落實、現場(chang)管理(li)等方面存在較(jiao)大(da)缺陷(xian)。特別是部(bu)分礦(kuang)井,左(zuo)右防(fang)沖(chong)(chong)中介團隊(dui),弱化(hua)防(fang)沖(chong)(chong)設計,為沖(chong)(chong)擊災害的發(fa)生埋下巨大(da)隱患。所以,下一(yi)步將根據礦(kuang)井實際情況,持續強化(hua)沖(chong)(chong)擊地(di)壓礦(kuang)井防(fang)沖(chong)(chong)監管。
(一)強化(hua)主體(ti)(ti)責任(ren)落實。沖擊(ji)地壓(ya)礦井(jing)要明(ming)確主體(ti)(ti)責任(ren),要建立健全安(an)全生產責任(ren)體(ti)(ti)系(xi),健全完善全員安(an)全生產責任(ren)制,把安(an)全責任(ren)落實到(dao)區隊、落實到(dao)班組(zu)、落實到(dao)人頭(tou)。要完善安(an)全費(fei)用提(ti)(ti)取(qu)制度,防沖安(an)全費(fei)用要足(zu)額(e)提(ti)(ti)取(qu),按需(xu)提(ti)(ti)取(qu)使(shi)用。防沖中心將(jiang)定期對礦井(jing)落實制度(體(ti)(ti)系(xi))情況進行(xing)督(du)查。
(二)實(shi)施(shi)分區(qu)(qu)防(fang)沖(chong)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新汶萊蕪礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)。典型的(de)(de)千(qian)米深井開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),高(gao)地應力、多(duo)(duo)煤(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)相互擾(rao)動、資源小的(de)(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)井面臨回收煤(mei)柱(zhu)等多(duo)(duo)因素造成(cheng)沖(chong)擊地壓(ya)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)較(jiao)為困難。重(zhong)點(dian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)多(duo)(duo)煤(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)部(bu)署,解放(fang)層(ceng)(ceng)工作面采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)空區(qu)(qu)遺留煤(mei)柱(zhu)對被保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)影響,把控(kong)(kong)好解放(fang)層(ceng)(ceng)卸壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)時間關(guan)系,深井高(gao)應力巷道支護(hu)強度(du)等方面。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巨野(ye)礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)。礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)內多(duo)(duo)為各集團主力礦(kuang)(kuang)井,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產任務(wu)重(zhong)。重(zhong)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要合(he)(he)(he)理規(gui)(gui)劃生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產組(zu)織,規(gui)(gui)避不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)(he)理采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)部(bu)署、調節生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產接續,盡可能形成(cheng)多(duo)(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)區(qu)(qu)交替組(zu)織生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)拓(tuo)布局。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)濟(ji)寧兗(yan)州礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)。地表村莊密集,多(duo)(duo)為條帶開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),礦(kuang)(kuang)井有效可采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)儲量較(jiao)少,重(zhong)點(dian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)合(he)(he)(he)理規(gui)(gui)劃采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)部(bu)署。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棗莊礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)。受(shou)斷層(ceng)(ceng)、火成(cheng)巖影響較(jiao)大(da),突(tu)出表現為工作面不(bu)(bu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)、煤(mei)柱(zhu)不(bu)(bu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)、開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)方向不(bu)(bu)統一、多(duo)(duo)煤(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)順(shun)序(xu)混亂等問(wen)題,重(zhong)點(dian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)理采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)部(bu)署,合(he)(he)(he)理規(gui)(gui)劃多(duo)(duo)煤(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)順(shun)序(xu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),優化開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)設(she)計(ji),避免(mian)形成(cheng)類孤島工作面,取消(xiao)超前施(shi)工聯(lian)絡(luo)巷(撤面通道)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)方式。六是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陜西(xi)彬長礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)。4煤(mei)上覆白(bai)堊(e)系洛河組(zu)砂巖關(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)層(ceng)(ceng),為關(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)致(zhi)災因素,更關(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彬長礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)礦(kuang)(kuang)井初步設(she)計(ji)并未(wei)(wei)考慮(lv)沖(chong)擊地壓(ya)因素,合(he)(he)(he)理開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)設(she)計(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)重(zhong)點(dian)。七是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鄂爾多(duo)(duo)斯礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)。該礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)(qu)內礦(kuang)(kuang)井投(tou)產時間較(jiao)短(duan),沖(chong)擊地壓(ya)顯(xian)(xian)現尚未(wei)(wei)明顯(xian)(xian),重(zhong)點(dian)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要提升認(ren)識,提高(gao)監(jian)測監(jian)控(kong)(kong)水平,合(he)(he)(he)理開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)拓(tuo)布局,尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新建礦(kuang)(kuang)井,合(he)(he)(he)理規(gui)(gui)劃多(duo)(duo)煤(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)順(shun)序(xu),優化大(da)巷及上下(xia)山(shan)保(bao)護(hu)煤(mei)柱(zhu)留設(she)寬度(du)等。
(三)實(shi)行分類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)防(fang)沖監(jian)管(guan)。依(yi)據礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)開采(cai)技術條件、沖擊危險性程度、沖擊地壓發生(sheng)情(qing)況等諸多因素,結合能源集團實(shi)際,將26對(dui)沖擊地壓礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)分為三類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),其中(zhong),一類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)7對(dui),二(er)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)13對(dui),三類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)6對(dui)。堅持問題導向,按(an)照一類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)不定期重點(dian)監(jian)管(guan)、二(er)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)隨機動態監(jian)管(guan)、三類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)周期性監(jian)管(guan)的原則,實(shi)施分類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)防(fang)沖監(jian)管(guan)。
(四)加(jia)強示范(fan)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)建(jian)設。根(gen)據(ju)國家煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)安(an)監局(ju)要求,按照沖擊地壓(ya)示范(fan)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)建(jian)設規范(fan),首先推進華豐煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、新(xin)巨(ju)龍煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、亭南(nan)煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)和巴彥(yan)高勒煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)等(deng)4家煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)的示范(fan)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)建(jian)設,繼而通過“促(cu)、幫、推”,全面示范(fan)引領,促(cu)進能源(yuan)集團沖擊地壓(ya)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)同進步(bu)。
沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)作(zuo)為一種復雜的礦山動(dong)力(li)現象,其發生的環境、地(di)點、宏觀(guan)和(he)微觀(guan)上的顯(xian)現形(xing)態(tai)多(duo)種多(duo)樣,顯(xian)現強度(du)和(he)破壞程度(du)也相差很大,不同礦井(jing)的沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成因(yin)和(he)特征(zheng)不同,即使(shi)是同一礦井(jing),因(yin)地(di)質(zhi)構造、開(kai)采(cai)(cai)條件、開(kai)采(cai)(cai)方(fang)法的差異,沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的成因(yin)、性(xing)質(zhi)、特征(zheng)、震源(yuan)部位(wei)和(he)破壞程度(du)也不同。因(yin)此(ci),防沖(chong)(chong)中心將(jiang)依照“五位(wei)一體”防沖(chong)(chong)工作(zuo)思路,從(cong)評審評價、開(kai)采(cai)(cai)設計、監測(ce)裝備、預(yu)警指標及解危卸壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等關鍵環節進行(xing)規(gui)范約束及監督(du)檢查,力(li)求逐步實現能源(yuan)集團沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)地(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)礦井(jing)標準(zhun)化管(guan)理、流程化執行(xing)、本(ben)質(zhi)型安(an)全的生產模(mo)式。