王樓煤礦隸屬于山東能源臨礦集團，位于濟寧市任城區境內，坐落于微山湖畔，礦井于2004年9月開工建設，2007年7月1日投入生產，減量化核定生產能力104萬噸。礦井采用立井開拓，走向長壁一次采全高，全部垮落法管理頂板，井底車場水平為-680m，主采3上煤層(ceng)，平(ping)均開(kai)采厚度2.12m，屬(shu)中厚煤層(ceng)，煤種主要為低(di)灰、低(di)磷、低(di)硫(liu)的(de)1/3焦精煤。近年來，王樓煤礦按照能(neng)源集團“一(yi)提(ti)雙優”及集團公司新(xin)舊(jiu)動能(neng)轉換(huan)工作(zuo)(zuo)部署(shu)，持(chi)(chi)續推(tui)進裝備升級、系統優化，邁出(chu)了(le)智能(neng)智慧礦山建設堅(jian)實步伐。特(te)別(bie)是面(mian)對去年以來煤炭(tan)生產形(xing)勢大(da)變局和減量化生產挑戰，王樓煤礦堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)深思(si)一(yi)層(ceng)、先行(xing)一(yi)步，聚焦產出(chu)原煤質(zhi)量“做文章”，將(jiang)煤炭(tan)洗(xi)選環節(jie)前(qian)置、下沉至井(jing)下，引進TDS智能(neng)干選工藝，將(jiang)選出(chu)的(de)矸(gan)石(shi)直接用于(yu)井(jing)下條(tiao)采工作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)充填，構建形(xing)成了(le)綠色(se)開(kai)采新(xin)模式，推(tui)動了(le)礦井(jing)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展。
一、聚焦煤炭洗選環節，變產原煤為產商品煤
王樓煤礦為水文地質條件復雜礦井，采煤工作面過斷層、褶曲等地質構造較頻繁；同時，3上煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層(ceng)中(zhong)普遍存(cun)在1-2層(ceng)夾矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，夾矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)總厚為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3米；截至2018年(nian)年(nian)底(di)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)含(han)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)率統計數(shu)據為(wei)(wei)(wei)30%～35%，較大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)影(ying)響(xiang)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)，一直以(yi)來(lai)(lai)制(zhi)約著礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效發(fa)展(zhan)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)從(cong)根本上解決升井(jing)(jing)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)對礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)和發(fa)熱(re)(re)量(liang)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)問(wen)題(ti)，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)按照集團公司“出煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)不(bu)見煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)不(bu)升井(jing)(jing)”的(de)(de)總體(ti)部(bu)署，打(da)破(po)思維，從(cong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)運(yun)輸環(huan)節入(ru)手(shou)，實(shi)施地(di)下(xia)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，變產(chan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)產(chan)商品煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)。一是(shi)多(duo)方調研(yan)論證，前(qian)置(zhi)洗選(xuan)(xuan)關(guan)口。為(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)經多(duo)方調研(yan)論證，將(jiang)關(guan)口前(qian)移，于(yu)去年(nian)12月份(fen)，引進TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干選(xuan)(xuan)設備，首(shou)次將(jiang)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干選(xuan)(xuan)技術應用于(yu)井(jing)(jing)下(xia)，在主(zhu)運(yun)輸皮(pi)帶(dai)系(xi)統中(zhong)安裝智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干選(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)，建(jian)成(cheng)了世界首(shou)個井(jing)(jing)下(xia)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統，實(shi)現(xian)了煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭洗選(xuan)(xuan)工(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)重大變革，入(ru)選(xuan)(xuan)2018年(nian)度(du)(du)(du)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭裝備制(zhi)造業十大新(xin)聞。二是(shi)依托智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)識別(bie)(bie)，實(shi)現(xian)無(wu)人值守。礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統由給料(liao)、識別(bie)(bie)、執行(xing)、供風(feng)、除塵、配電(dian)、控(kong)制(zhi)等七大輔助部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)封閉設計，全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)無(wu)人值守，采(cai)用大數(shu)據計算和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)識別(bie)(bie)技術，利(li)用X射線源的(de)(de)穿透力原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理，對煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)與矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)進行(xing)數(shu)字化識別(bie)(bie)，把密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)同的(de)(de)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開(kai)來(lai)(lai)，并針對不(bu)同的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特征建(jian)立與之(zhi)相(xiang)適應的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析模型，最終(zhong)通過(guo)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)執行(xing)系(xi)統控(kong)制(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓風(feng)將(jiang)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)排出，實(shi)現(xian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離。該系(xi)統設計矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)帶(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)率1%～3%、塊(kuai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)帶(dai)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)率3%～5%，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)精度(du)(du)(du)接近重介淺槽分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)動(dong)(dong)篩跳(tiao)汰分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)及其它(ta)干選(xuan)(xuan)設備；具有較強的(de)(de)處理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，最大處理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力可達140t/h，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)粒度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)50～300mm。三(san)是(shi)發(fa)揮系(xi)統優勢，實(shi)施原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮系(xi)統優勢，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)在系(xi)統上一級安裝一臺滾軸篩、一臺振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)布料(liao)器，由滾軸篩分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)出原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)中(zhong)粒度(du)(du)(du)50mm以(yi)上的(de)(de)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后，經轉(zhuan)載(zai)皮(pi)帶(dai)轉(zhuan)運(yun)至振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)布料(liao)器排隊，平鋪進入(ru)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干選(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)進行(xing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)識別(bie)(bie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)。系(xi)統運(yun)行(xing)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)，每(mei)小時可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)10～20噸(dun)，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)熱(re)(re)量(liang)由4000大卡(ka)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升至4600大卡(ka)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達15%；另外(wai)，系(xi)統在提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)同時，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)主(zhu)井(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，可置(zhi)換增(zeng)加(jia)10%高(gao)(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)，實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)效，年(nian)創效可達1500余(yu)萬元。
二、矸石充填以矸換煤，構建綠色開采新模式
目前，我國(guo)煤(mei)炭開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)主要采(cai)(cai)(cai)取井(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)方式(shi)，導致地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)大面(mian)(mian)積塌(ta)陷，對(dui)周(zhou)邊環(huan)境(jing)造(zao)(zao)成較(jiao)大影(ying)響(xiang)，后期(qi)土地(di)(di)(di)復(fu)墾、塌(ta)陷補償、村莊搬遷等(deng)費用(yong)巨大。王(wang)樓煤(mei)礦自2007年(nian)投產(chan)、2014年(nian)出現(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)塌(ta)陷以(yi)來(lai)，造(zao)(zao)成地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)塌(ta)陷達(da)5000余畝，最大下沉量(liang)達(da)到(dao)1米以(yi)上(shang)，五年(nian)來(lai)發生(sheng)的(de)各類治理、補償等(deng)費用(yong)超過(guo)3.5億元。為進一步降本(ben)增效(xiao)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)高(gao)質量(liang)發展，礦井(jing)(jing)依(yi)托井(jing)(jing)下TDS智(zhi)能(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統(tong)，配合打造(zao)(zao)了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)(mian)和(he)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)系(xi)統(tong)，構建(jian)(jian)形成了(le)煤(mei)炭綠色(se)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)新模式(shi)，在提(ti)(ti)高(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)回收(shou)率、減小(xiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)動(dong)(dong)影(ying)響(xiang)，降低地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)塌(ta)陷、保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)同(tong)時，還可有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)止(zhi)沖(chong)擊(ji)地(di)(di)(di)壓的(de)發生(sheng)。一是實(shi)(shi)(shi)施矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)矸(gan)(gan)換煤(mei)“循環(huan)生(sheng)金”。礦井(jing)(jing)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)行以(yi)來(lai)，每(mei)天(tian)可分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)200噸左右。經綜合分(fen)(fen)析論證，礦井(jing)(jing)南翼三采(cai)(cai)(cai)區(qu)上(shang)部13313條采(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)(mian)和(he)13315條采(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)(mian)之間所留110米條帶煤(mei)柱具(ju)備(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)條件，礦井(jing)(jing)于2018年(nian)下半年(nian)完成了(le)該(gai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)(mian)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)安裝布置；同(tong)時，利用(yong)原來(lai)的(de)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)系(xi)統(tong)，配合液壓傳動(dong)(dong)高(gao)位翻車機、梭式(shi)礦車、輪(lun)齒(chi)式(shi)雙齒(chi)輥破碎(sui)機等(deng)，改造(zao)(zao)建(jian)(jian)設了(le)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)系(xi)統(tong)，順(shun)利實(shi)(shi)(shi)施了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)，可將每(mei)天(tian)分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)出的(de)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)填消化(hua)，置換開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)原煤(mei)約(yue)150噸，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)、以(yi)矸(gan)(gan)換煤(mei)。二是構建(jian)(jian)綠色(se)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)模式(shi)，打造(zao)(zao)綠色(se)生(sheng)態(tai)礦山。礦井(jing)(jing)通過(guo)打造(zao)(zao)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)、矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填系(xi)統(tong)，構建(jian)(jian)形成了(le)煤(mei)矸(gan)(gan)智(zhi)能(neng)識(shi)別分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)、矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)級破碎(sui)、矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)填以(yi)矸(gan)(gan)換煤(mei)的(de)綠色(se)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)新模式(shi)，具(ju)有(you)減少矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)排放(fang)量(liang)、置換條帶煤(mei)柱、減小(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)沉降等(deng)多項優勢(shi)，對(dui)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)煤(mei)炭資(zi)源(yuan)回收(shou)率、保(bao)護(hu)周(zhou)邊環(huan)境(jing)、防(fang)止(zhi)沖(chong)擊(ji)地(di)(di)(di)壓等(deng)均有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)積極作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，經濟(ji)和(he)社會效(xiao)益(yi)明(ming)顯(xian)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)礦井(jing)(jing)發展與(yu)環(huan)保(bao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)協同(tong)共促，推進了(le)“綠色(se)礦山”建(jian)(jian)設步伐。并于7月7日(ri)順(shun)利通過(guo)了(le)濟(ji)寧市國(guo)土資(zi)源(yuan)局組織(zhi)的(de)綠色(se)礦山評審驗收(shou)。
