王樓煤礦隸屬于山東能源臨礦集團，位于濟寧市任城區境內，坐落于微山湖畔，礦井于2004年9月開工建設，2007年7月1日投入生產，減量化核定生產能力104萬噸。礦井采用立井開拓，走向長壁一次采全高，全部垮落法管理頂板，井底車場水平為-680m，主采3上煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層，平(ping)均(jun)開采厚(hou)度(du)2.12m，屬中厚(hou)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)種主要(yao)為(wei)低(di)灰、低(di)磷(lin)、低(di)硫的(de)1/3焦精煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)。近(jin)年來，王(wang)樓(lou)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)礦按(an)照能(neng)源集團(tuan)(tuan)“一(yi)(yi)提雙優”及集團(tuan)(tuan)公司新舊動能(neng)轉換工(gong)作部(bu)署，持續推(tui)進裝備(bei)升(sheng)級、系統優化(hua)，邁(mai)出(chu)了智(zhi)能(neng)智(zhi)慧礦山建設堅實步(bu)伐。特(te)別是面對(dui)去年以來煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭生產(chan)(chan)形勢大變局(ju)和減量(liang)(liang)化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，王(wang)樓(lou)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)礦堅持深思一(yi)(yi)層、先行一(yi)(yi)步(bu)，聚焦產(chan)(chan)出(chu)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質量(liang)(liang)“做(zuo)文章(zhang)”，將煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭洗(xi)選環節前置、下沉至井(jing)下，引進TDS智(zhi)能(neng)干(gan)選工(gong)藝，將選出(chu)的(de)矸石直(zhi)接用于井(jing)下條采工(gong)作面充(chong)填，構建形成了綠(lv)色開采新模式(shi)，推(tui)動了礦井(jing)高質量(liang)(liang)發展。
一、聚焦煤炭洗選環節，變產原煤為產商品煤
王樓煤礦為水文地質條件復雜礦井，采煤工作面過斷層、褶曲等地質構造較頻繁；同時，3上煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層中普(pu)遍存在1-2層夾(jia)(jia)矸(gan)(gan)，夾(jia)(jia)矸(gan)(gan)總厚為(wei)0.3米；截至(zhi)2018年(nian)年(nian)底(di)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)含(han)矸(gan)(gan)率(lv)(lv)統(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)(ji)數據為(wei)30%～35%，較大(da)(da)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)影響礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)產能(neng)(neng)(neng)釋(shi)放，一(yi)直以來制(zhi)約著礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)高(gao)效發(fa)展。為(wei)從(cong)根本上(shang)解決升井(jing)(jing)(jing)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)對(dui)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)和(he)發(fa)熱量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響問(wen)題，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)按照集團公司(si)“出(chu)(chu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)不(bu)見煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)不(bu)升井(jing)(jing)(jing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)總體部(bu)署(shu)，打破思(si)維，從(cong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)運輸(shu)環節入(ru)手，實(shi)(shi)施地下(xia)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)質工程(cheng)，變產原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)為(wei)產商品煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)。一(yi)是(shi)多(duo)方調研論(lun)證，前置(zhi)洗選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)關口(kou)。為(wei)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)質，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)經多(duo)方調研論(lun)證，將(jiang)關口(kou)前移，于(yu)(yu)去年(nian)12月份，引進(jin)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設(she)備，首(shou)次將(jiang)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)技術應用于(yu)(yu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)，在主(zhu)運輸(shu)皮(pi)帶系統(tong)(tong)(tong)中安(an)(an)裝智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)，建(jian)成了世界首(shou)個(ge)井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)洗選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)工藝(yi)流(liu)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)變革，入(ru)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)2018年(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)裝備制(zhi)造業(ye)十大(da)(da)新聞。二是(shi)依(yi)托智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)無人(ren)值守。礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)由給(gei)料(liao)、識(shi)(shi)別(bie)、執行(xing)、供風(feng)、除(chu)塵(chen)、配(pei)電、控制(zhi)等七大(da)(da)輔助部(bu)分(fen)組成，為(wei)全封閉(bi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)，全過(guo)程(cheng)無人(ren)值守，采用大(da)(da)數據計(ji)(ji)算和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)技術，利(li)用X射(she)線源的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿透力原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，對(dui)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)與(yu)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)進(jin)行(xing)數字化識(shi)(shi)別(bie)，把(ba)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質區分(fen)開來，并針對(dui)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質特(te)征(zheng)建(jian)立與(yu)之相適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析模型，最(zui)(zui)終通過(guo)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)執行(xing)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)控制(zhi)高(gao)壓風(feng)將(jiang)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)排出(chu)(chu)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)分(fen)離。該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)帶煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)率(lv)(lv)1%～3%、塊煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)帶矸(gan)(gan)率(lv)(lv)3%～5%，分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)接(jie)近重介淺槽分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)，高(gao)于(yu)(yu)動篩跳汰分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)及其它干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設(she)備；具(ju)有(you)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)處理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力可(ke)(ke)達(da)140t/h，分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)粒度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)50～300mm。三(san)是(shi)發(fa)揮系統(tong)(tong)(tong)優勢(shi)，實(shi)(shi)施原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)質。為(wei)充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮系統(tong)(tong)(tong)優勢(shi)，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)在系統(tong)(tong)(tong)上(shang)一(yi)級(ji)安(an)(an)裝一(yi)臺滾軸(zhou)篩、一(yi)臺振(zhen)動布料(liao)器(qi)，由滾軸(zhou)篩分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)中粒度(du)(du)(du)(du)50mm以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塊狀煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)后，經轉(zhuan)載皮(pi)帶轉(zhuan)運至(zhi)振(zhen)動布料(liao)器(qi)排隊，平(ping)鋪(pu)進(jin)入(ru)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)。系統(tong)(tong)(tong)運行(xing)以來，每小時可(ke)(ke)分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)10～20噸(dun)，礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)熱量(liang)由4000大(da)(da)卡提(ti)(ti)(ti)升至(zhi)4600大(da)(da)卡，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)達(da)15%；另外，系統(tong)(tong)(tong)在提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)釋(shi)放主(zhu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，可(ke)(ke)置(zhi)換增加10%高(gao)質量(liang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升量(liang)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)質提(ti)(ti)(ti)效，年(nian)創效可(ke)(ke)達(da)1500余萬元(yuan)。
二、矸石充填以矸換煤，構建綠色開采新模式
目前，我國(guo)煤炭開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)主要采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取井工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)方式(shi)(shi)，導致地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)大面(mian)積(ji)塌(ta)陷(xian)(xian)，對(dui)周邊(bian)環境造(zao)成(cheng)較(jiao)大影響，后(hou)期土地(di)(di)(di)復墾、塌(ta)陷(xian)(xian)補償、村莊搬遷(qian)等費用(yong)巨大。王樓煤礦(kuang)(kuang)自2007年(nian)投產、2014年(nian)出現地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)塌(ta)陷(xian)(xian)以來，造(zao)成(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)煤塌(ta)陷(xian)(xian)達5000余畝，最大下(xia)沉(chen)量(liang)達到(dao)1米以上，五年(nian)來發生(sheng)的(de)(de)各類治(zhi)理(li)、補償等費用(yong)超過(guo)3.5億元(yuan)。為(wei)進一步降(jiang)本(ben)增效(xiao)，實(shi)(shi)現高(gao)質量(liang)發展，礦(kuang)(kuang)井依(yi)托井下(xia)TDS智能(neng)干選系統(tong)，配合(he)打造(zao)了(le)充(chong)填(tian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)和(he)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)填(tian)運(yun)輸系統(tong)，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)形成(cheng)了(le)煤炭綠(lv)(lv)色開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)新(xin)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，在提高(gao)資(zi)(zi)源回(hui)收率、減(jian)小采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)動影響，降(jiang)低地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)煤塌(ta)陷(xian)(xian)、保(bao)護生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境的(de)(de)同時(shi)，還可(ke)有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)止(zhi)沖(chong)擊地(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)。一是(shi)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，實(shi)(shi)現矸(gan)(gan)換(huan)煤“循環生(sheng)金”。礦(kuang)(kuang)井TDS智能(neng)干選系統(tong)運(yun)行以來，每天(tian)可(ke)分(fen)選矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)200噸左右。經綜合(he)分(fen)析論證，礦(kuang)(kuang)井南翼(yi)三(san)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)區上部(bu)13313條(tiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)和(he)13315條(tiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)之間所留(liu)110米條(tiao)帶煤柱具備充(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)條(tiao)件，礦(kuang)(kuang)井于2018年(nian)下(xia)半(ban)年(nian)完成(cheng)了(le)該充(chong)填(tian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安裝布置(zhi)；同時(shi)，利用(yong)原來的(de)(de)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)運(yun)輸系統(tong)，配合(he)液壓(ya)傳動高(gao)位翻車機、梭(suo)式(shi)(shi)礦(kuang)(kuang)車、輪齒式(shi)(shi)雙齒輥(gun)破碎(sui)機等，改造(zao)建(jian)(jian)設了(le)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)填(tian)運(yun)輸系統(tong)，順利實(shi)(shi)施(shi)了(le)充(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，可(ke)將每天(tian)分(fen)選出的(de)(de)矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)全(quan)部(bu)充(chong)填(tian)消(xiao)化，置(zhi)換(huan)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)原煤約150噸，實(shi)(shi)現了(le)充(chong)填(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、以矸(gan)(gan)換(huan)煤。二(er)是(shi)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)綠(lv)(lv)色開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，打造(zao)綠(lv)(lv)色生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)。礦(kuang)(kuang)井通過(guo)打造(zao)TDS智能(neng)干選、矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)填(tian)系統(tong)，構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)形成(cheng)了(le)煤矸(gan)(gan)智能(neng)識別分(fen)選、矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)分(fen)級(ji)破碎(sui)、矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)充(chong)填(tian)以矸(gan)(gan)換(huan)煤的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)色開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)新(xin)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，具有(you)減(jian)少矸(gan)(gan)石(shi)(shi)排放量(liang)、置(zhi)換(huan)條(tiao)帶煤柱、減(jian)小地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)沉(chen)降(jiang)等多項優(you)勢，對(dui)提高(gao)煤炭資(zi)(zi)源回(hui)收率、保(bao)護周邊(bian)環境、防(fang)止(zhi)沖(chong)擊地(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)等均有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)積(ji)極作(zuo)用(yong)，經濟(ji)和(he)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)明顯，實(shi)(shi)現礦(kuang)(kuang)井發展與(yu)環保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)協同共促(cu)，推進了(le)“綠(lv)(lv)色礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)”建(jian)(jian)設步伐。并于7月7日(ri)順利通過(guo)了(le)濟(ji)寧市(shi)國(guo)土資(zi)(zi)源局(ju)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)色礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)評審驗(yan)收。
