王樓煤礦隸屬于山東能源臨礦集團,位于濟寧市任城區境內,坐落于微山湖畔,礦井于2004年9月開工建設,2007年7月1日投入生產,減量化核定生產能力104萬噸。礦井采用立井開拓,走向長壁一次采全高,全部垮落法管理頂板,井底車場水平為-680m,主采3上煤層,平均開(kai)采(cai)厚度2.12m,屬中厚煤層,煤種主要為低灰、低磷、低硫的(de)1/3焦(jiao)(jiao)精煤。近年來,王(wang)樓煤礦按照能(neng)源集團“一(yi)提雙優”及(ji)集團公司新舊動能(neng)轉換工作(zuo)部署(shu),持(chi)續推進裝(zhuang)備升級、系統優化(hua),邁出(chu)(chu)了智能(neng)智慧礦山建設堅實步(bu)伐。特(te)別(bie)是面對去年以來煤炭(tan)生產(chan)形勢大變局和減量化(hua)生產(chan)挑戰,王(wang)樓煤礦堅持(chi)深思(si)一(yi)層、先(xian)行一(yi)步(bu),聚焦(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)原煤質量“做文(wen)章(zhang)”,將(jiang)煤炭(tan)洗選(xuan)環節前置、下(xia)(xia)沉至井(jing)下(xia)(xia),引進TDS智能(neng)干選(xuan)工藝(yi),將(jiang)選(xuan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)矸(gan)石直(zhi)接用于(yu)井(jing)下(xia)(xia)條采(cai)工作(zuo)面充填,構(gou)建形成了綠(lv)色開(kai)采(cai)新模式,推動了礦井(jing)高(gao)質量發(fa)展。
一、聚焦煤炭洗選環節,變產原煤為產商品煤
王樓煤礦為水文地質條件復雜礦井,采煤工作面過斷層、褶曲等地質構造較頻繁;同時,3上煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層中(zhong)普遍存在(zai)(zai)1-2層夾(jia)矸(gan),夾(jia)矸(gan)總厚為(wei)(wei)0.3米;截至2018年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底,原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)含矸(gan)率統(tong)計(ji)數據為(wei)(wei)30%~35%,較大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)影(ying)響礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放,一(yi)直以(yi)來(lai)制(zhi)約著礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)高(gao)(gao)效發展。為(wei)(wei)從根本(ben)上解決升(sheng)井(jing)(jing)(jing)矸(gan)石(shi)對(dui)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)升(sheng)量(liang)和發熱(re)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響問題,礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)按照集團公司“出(chu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)不(bu)見煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、矸(gan)石(shi)不(bu)升(sheng)井(jing)(jing)(jing)”的(de)(de)(de)總體部署,打破(po)思維,從原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)運(yun)輸(shu)環節入(ru)手,實(shi)施地下(xia)(xia)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)工程(cheng)(cheng),變產(chan)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)為(wei)(wei)產(chan)商品煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)。一(yi)是多方(fang)調研論證,前(qian)置洗(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)關(guan)口(kou)。為(wei)(wei)實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)質(zhi)(zhi),礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)多方(fang)調研論證,將關(guan)口(kou)前(qian)移,于去年(nian)(nian)12月份,引進(jin)(jin)TDS智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設(she)備(bei),首(shou)(shou)次將TDS智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)于井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia),在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)運(yun)輸(shu)皮帶(dai)(dai)系統(tong)中(zhong)安(an)裝智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji),建(jian)成了(le)世(shi)界首(shou)(shou)個(ge)井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)TDS智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系統(tong),實(shi)現(xian)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)洗(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)工藝流程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)變革,入(ru)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)2018年(nian)(nian)度(du)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)裝備(bei)制(zhi)造業十大(da)新聞。二(er)是依(yi)托智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)識別(bie),實(shi)現(xian)無人值守(shou)。礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)TDS智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系統(tong)由(you)給料(liao)、識別(bie)、執行(xing)、供風、除塵、配電(dian)、控制(zhi)等七大(da)輔助(zhu)部分(fen)組成,為(wei)(wei)全(quan)封(feng)閉設(she)計(ji),全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)無人值守(shou),采用(yong)大(da)數據計(ji)算和智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)識別(bie)技(ji)術(shu),利用(yong)X射線(xian)源的(de)(de)(de)穿透(tou)力原(yuan)理,對(dui)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)與(yu)矸(gan)石(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數字化識別(bie),把密度(du)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)分(fen)開來(lai),并針對(dui)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)特征建(jian)立與(yu)之相適應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析模型,最終通過智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)執行(xing)系統(tong)控制(zhi)高(gao)(gao)壓風將矸(gan)石(shi)排出(chu),實(shi)現(xian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)分(fen)離。該系統(tong)設(she)計(ji)矸(gan)石(shi)帶(dai)(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)率1%~3%、塊(kuai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)帶(dai)(dai)矸(gan)率3%~5%,分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)精度(du)接近重介(jie)淺槽分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji),高(gao)(gao)于動(dong)篩跳汰分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)及(ji)其它干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設(she)備(bei);具(ju)有較強的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力,最大(da)處(chu)(chu)理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力可(ke)(ke)達140t/h,分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)粒度(du)為(wei)(wei)50~300mm。三(san)是發揮系統(tong)優(you)勢,實(shi)施原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)。為(wei)(wei)充分(fen)發揮系統(tong)優(you)勢,礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)系統(tong)上一(yi)級(ji)安(an)裝一(yi)臺(tai)滾(gun)軸篩、一(yi)臺(tai)振動(dong)布料(liao)器,由(you)滾(gun)軸篩分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)中(zhong)粒度(du)50mm以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)后,經(jing)轉(zhuan)載皮帶(dai)(dai)轉(zhuan)運(yun)至振動(dong)布料(liao)器排隊,平鋪進(jin)(jin)入(ru)TDS智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)識別(bie)分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)。系統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)以(yi)來(lai),每小(xiao)時可(ke)(ke)分(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)石(shi)10~20噸(dun),礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)發熱(re)量(liang)由(you)4000大(da)卡提(ti)升(sheng)至4600大(da)卡,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)達15%;另外,系統(tong)在(zai)(zai)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)同時,還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放主(zhu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力,可(ke)(ke)置換(huan)增加10%高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)升(sheng)量(liang),實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)效,年(nian)(nian)創(chuang)效可(ke)(ke)達1500余萬(wan)元(yuan)。
二、矸石充填以矸換煤,構建綠色開采新模式
目前(qian),我國煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)主要采(cai)(cai)(cai)取井(jing)工(gong)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)方式(shi)(shi),導(dao)致地(di)面(mian)(mian)大面(mian)(mian)積塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian),對周邊環(huan)(huan)境造成較大影響(xiang),后期(qi)土地(di)復墾、塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)補(bu)償、村莊搬遷等(deng)費用(yong)巨(ju)大。王樓(lou)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦自2007年投產、2014年出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)面(mian)(mian)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)以(yi)來(lai),造成地(di)面(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)達5000余畝(mu),最大下沉(chen)量達到1米以(yi)上,五年來(lai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)各(ge)類治理、補(bu)償等(deng)費用(yong)超過(guo)3.5億(yi)元。為進一步降本增(zeng)效,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan),礦井(jing)依托(tuo)井(jing)下TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能干(gan)選系統,配合(he)打(da)造了充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)和矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)運(yun)輸(shu)系統,構(gou)建形成了煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭綠色(se)(se)(se)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)新模式(shi)(shi),在提高(gao)資源回收(shou)率、減小采(cai)(cai)(cai)動影響(xiang),降低地(di)面(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)陷(xian)(xian)、保護生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境的(de)同時(shi),還可有(you)(you)效防止沖擊(ji)地(di)壓的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。一是(shi)實(shi)施矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai),實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換煤(mei)(mei)(mei)“循環(huan)(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)金”。礦井(jing)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能干(gan)選系統運(yun)行以(yi)來(lai),每天可分選矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)200噸(dun)左右。經綜合(he)分析論證,礦井(jing)南翼三采(cai)(cai)(cai)區(qu)上部13313條(tiao)(tiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)和13315條(tiao)(tiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)之間(jian)所留110米條(tiao)(tiao)帶(dai)(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)柱具備充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)條(tiao)(tiao)件,礦井(jing)于2018年下半年完(wan)成了該(gai)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)的(de)施工(gong)安(an)裝(zhuang)布置(zhi);同時(shi),利(li)用(yong)原來(lai)的(de)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)運(yun)輸(shu)系統,配合(he)液壓傳動高(gao)位翻車機、梭式(shi)(shi)礦車、輪(lun)齒式(shi)(shi)雙齒輥破碎(sui)機等(deng),改造建設了矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)運(yun)輸(shu)系統,順利(li)實(shi)施了充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai),可將每天分選出(chu)的(de)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)全部充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)消(xiao)化,置(zhi)換開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)原煤(mei)(mei)(mei)約150噸(dun),實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)、以(yi)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換煤(mei)(mei)(mei)。二(er)是(shi)構(gou)建綠色(se)(se)(se)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)模式(shi)(shi),打(da)造綠色(se)(se)(se)生(sheng)(sheng)態礦山(shan)。礦井(jing)通過(guo)打(da)造TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能干(gan)選、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)系統,構(gou)建形成了煤(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能識別分選、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)分級破碎(sui)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換煤(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)綠色(se)(se)(se)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)新模式(shi)(shi),具有(you)(you)減少矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)排放量、置(zhi)換條(tiao)(tiao)帶(dai)(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)柱、減小地(di)面(mian)(mian)沉(chen)降等(deng)多項優勢,對提高(gao)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭資源回收(shou)率、保護周邊環(huan)(huan)境、防止沖擊(ji)地(di)壓等(deng)均有(you)(you)較強(qiang)的(de)積極(ji)作用(yong),經濟和社會效益(yi)明顯,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)礦井(jing)發(fa)展(zhan)與環(huan)(huan)保工(gong)作協同共促,推(tui)進了“綠色(se)(se)(se)礦山(shan)”建設步伐。并于7月7日順利(li)通過(guo)了濟寧(ning)市(shi)國土資源局組(zu)織的(de)綠色(se)(se)(se)礦山(shan)評(ping)審(shen)驗收(shou)。