王樓煤礦隸屬于山東能源臨礦集團，位于濟寧市任城區境內，坐落于微山湖畔，礦井于2004年9月開工建設，2007年7月1日投入生產，減量化核定生產能力104萬噸。礦井采用立井開拓，走向長壁一次采全高，全部垮落法管理頂板，井底車場水平為-680m，主采3上煤(mei)層，平均開(kai)采厚度2.12m，屬(shu)中厚煤(mei)層，煤(mei)種主要為低灰、低磷、低硫的1/3焦精煤(mei)。近年來，王樓煤(mei)礦按(an)照能(neng)源集團(tuan)“一(yi)提(ti)雙(shuang)優”及集團(tuan)公司新(xin)舊動(dong)能(neng)轉換工(gong)作(zuo)部署(shu)，持續(xu)推進裝備升級、系(xi)統優化(hua)，邁出(chu)(chu)了(le)智能(neng)智慧(hui)礦山(shan)建(jian)設堅(jian)實(shi)步伐。特別是(shi)面(mian)對去年以來煤(mei)炭(tan)生產(chan)形(xing)勢大變局和(he)減量(liang)化(hua)生產(chan)挑戰，王樓煤(mei)礦堅(jian)持深思一(yi)層、先(xian)行一(yi)步，聚焦產(chan)出(chu)(chu)原煤(mei)質(zhi)量(liang)“做文(wen)章”，將煤(mei)炭(tan)洗選環節(jie)前置、下沉至井下，引進TDS智能(neng)干選工(gong)藝(yi)，將選出(chu)(chu)的矸石直接用(yong)于(yu)井下條(tiao)采工(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)充填(tian)，構建(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)綠色開(kai)采新(xin)模式，推動(dong)了(le)礦井高質(zhi)量(liang)發展。
一、聚焦煤炭洗選環節，變產原煤為產商品煤
王樓煤礦為水文地質條件復雜礦井，采煤工作面過斷層、褶曲等地質構造較頻繁；同時，3上煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層中(zhong)普遍存在(zai)1-2層夾(jia)矸(gan)，夾(jia)矸(gan)總厚為0.3米；截至2018年年底(di)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)含矸(gan)率統(tong)(tong)計數據(ju)為30%～35%，較大(da)程度影(ying)響(xiang)礦(kuang)(kuang)井產能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放，一(yi)直以來(lai)制約著(zhu)礦(kuang)(kuang)井高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)發展。為從(cong)根本上(shang)解決升(sheng)井矸(gan)石對(dui)礦(kuang)(kuang)井原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)量和(he)發熱量的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)問題，礦(kuang)(kuang)井按照(zhao)集團(tuan)公(gong)司“出(chu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)不(bu)(bu)見煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、矸(gan)石不(bu)(bu)升(sheng)井”的(de)(de)總體部(bu)署，打(da)破思維，從(cong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)運輸(shu)(shu)環節(jie)入(ru)手，實(shi)施(shi)地下(xia)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)質(zhi)工(gong)程，變(bian)產原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)為產商品煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)。一(yi)是多(duo)方調(diao)研論(lun)證(zheng)，前置(zhi)洗(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)關口。為實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)質(zhi)，礦(kuang)(kuang)井經(jing)多(duo)方調(diao)研論(lun)證(zheng)，將關口前移，于去(qu)年12月份，引進TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設備(bei)，首次將TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)技(ji)術應用(yong)(yong)于井下(xia)，在(zai)主運輸(shu)(shu)皮帶系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)安裝智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機，建成(cheng)了(le)世界首個井下(xia)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭洗(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)工(gong)藝流(liu)程的(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)變(bian)革(ge)，入(ru)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)2018年度煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭裝備(bei)制造業十大(da)新聞。二是依托智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)識別(bie)(bie)(bie)，實(shi)現(xian)無人(ren)(ren)值守。礦(kuang)(kuang)井TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)由(you)給料、識別(bie)(bie)(bie)、執行、供風、除(chu)塵(chen)、配電、控制等七大(da)輔(fu)助部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)，為全(quan)封(feng)閉(bi)設計，全(quan)過程無人(ren)(ren)值守，采用(yong)(yong)大(da)數據(ju)計算和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)識別(bie)(bie)(bie)技(ji)術，利(li)用(yong)(yong)X射(she)線源的(de)(de)穿透力(li)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)，對(dui)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)與矸(gan)石進行數字化識別(bie)(bie)(bie)，把密度不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)物質(zhi)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)開來(lai)，并針(zhen)對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)特征建立(li)與之相(xiang)適應的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析模型，最終通過智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)執行系(xi)統(tong)(tong)控制高(gao)(gao)壓風將矸(gan)石排出(chu)，實(shi)現(xian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離。該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設計矸(gan)石帶煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)率1%～3%、塊(kuai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)帶矸(gan)率3%～5%，分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)精(jing)度接近重(zhong)介淺槽分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機，高(gao)(gao)于動篩(shai)跳汰分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機及其它干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)設備(bei)；具有較強的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，最大(da)處(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)可達140t/h，分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)粒(li)度為50～300mm。三是發揮(hui)(hui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)優勢，實(shi)施(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)質(zhi)。為充(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)發揮(hui)(hui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)優勢，礦(kuang)(kuang)井在(zai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)上(shang)一(yi)級安裝一(yi)臺(tai)(tai)滾軸篩(shai)、一(yi)臺(tai)(tai)振(zhen)動布料器，由(you)滾軸篩(shai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)中(zhong)粒(li)度50mm以上(shang)的(de)(de)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)后(hou)，經(jing)轉載(zai)皮帶轉運至振(zhen)動布料器排隊，平鋪進入(ru)TDS智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)干(gan)(gan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)機進行煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)矸(gan)識別(bie)(bie)(bie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)。系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運行以來(lai)，每小時可分(fen)(fen)(fen)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)矸(gan)石10～20噸，礦(kuang)(kuang)井原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)發熱量由(you)4000大(da)卡(ka)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)至4600大(da)卡(ka)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)達15%；另外，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)同時，還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放主井的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，可置(zhi)換增加10%高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)量，實(shi)現(xian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)提(ti)(ti)質(zhi)提(ti)(ti)效(xiao)，年創效(xiao)可達1500余萬元。
二、矸石充填以矸換煤，構建綠色開采新模式
目前，我國(guo)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)主要采(cai)(cai)(cai)取井(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)方式(shi)(shi)，導(dao)致地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)大面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積塌(ta)(ta)(ta)陷(xian)，對周邊環(huan)境(jing)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)較大影(ying)響，后期土地(di)復墾(ken)、塌(ta)(ta)(ta)陷(xian)補償、村莊搬(ban)遷等(deng)費(fei)用(yong)巨大。王樓煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)自2007年(nian)投(tou)產、2014年(nian)出現(xian)(xian)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)陷(xian)以(yi)來，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)陷(xian)達5000余畝，最(zui)大下(xia)沉量達到1米以(yi)上，五(wu)年(nian)來發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的各類(lei)治理(li)、補償等(deng)費(fei)用(yong)超過(guo)3.5億元。為進(jin)一步降本增效，實現(xian)(xian)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)，礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)依托(tuo)井(jing)(jing)下(xia)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，配(pei)合(he)打造(zao)(zao)了(le)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)運(yun)輸系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，構(gou)建(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)綠(lv)色(se)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)新(xin)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，在(zai)提(ti)高資源(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)收率、減(jian)小采(cai)(cai)(cai)動(dong)影(ying)響，降低(di)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)煤(mei)(mei)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)陷(xian)、保護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)的同時，還(huan)可(ke)有(you)效防止沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)壓(ya)的發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。一是實施矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)，實現(xian)(xian)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換(huan)煤(mei)(mei)“循環(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)金”。礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)以(yi)來，每(mei)天(tian)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)200噸左右(you)。經綜合(he)分(fen)(fen)析論證(zheng)，礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)南翼三采(cai)(cai)(cai)區上部13313條(tiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)13315條(tiao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)間所留110米條(tiao)帶煤(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)具(ju)備充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)條(tiao)件，礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)于2018年(nian)下(xia)半年(nian)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)該充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的施工(gong)(gong)安裝布(bu)置(zhi)；同時，利(li)用(yong)原來的矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)運(yun)輸系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，配(pei)合(he)液(ye)壓(ya)傳動(dong)高位翻(fan)車(che)機(ji)、梭式(shi)(shi)礦(kuang)(kuang)車(che)、輪齒式(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)齒輥(gun)破(po)碎(sui)機(ji)等(deng)，改(gai)造(zao)(zao)建(jian)設(she)了(le)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)運(yun)輸系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，順(shun)利(li)實施了(le)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)，可(ke)將每(mei)天(tian)分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)出的矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)全部充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)消化，置(zhi)換(huan)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)原煤(mei)(mei)約150噸，實現(xian)(xian)了(le)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)、以(yi)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換(huan)煤(mei)(mei)。二是構(gou)建(jian)綠(lv)色(se)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，打造(zao)(zao)綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)礦(kuang)(kuang)山。礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)通(tong)過(guo)打造(zao)(zao)TDS智(zhi)能(neng)干(gan)選(xuan)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，構(gou)建(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)煤(mei)(mei)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)智(zhi)能(neng)識別分(fen)(fen)選(xuan)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)分(fen)(fen)級破(po)碎(sui)、矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)充(chong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)換(huan)煤(mei)(mei)的綠(lv)色(se)開(kai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)新(xin)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，具(ju)有(you)減(jian)少(shao)矸(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)排放量、置(zhi)換(huan)條(tiao)帶煤(mei)(mei)柱(zhu)、減(jian)小地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沉降等(deng)多項優勢，對提(ti)高煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)資源(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)收率、保護周邊環(huan)境(jing)、防止沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)地(di)壓(ya)等(deng)均有(you)較強的積極作(zuo)用(yong)，經濟和(he)(he)(he)社會(hui)效益明顯(xian)，實現(xian)(xian)礦(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)(jing)發(fa)展(zhan)與環(huan)保工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)協同共促，推進(jin)了(le)“綠(lv)色(se)礦(kuang)(kuang)山”建(jian)設(she)步伐。并于7月7日順(shun)利(li)通(tong)過(guo)了(le)濟寧市國(guo)土資源(yuan)(yuan)局組織(zhi)的綠(lv)色(se)礦(kuang)(kuang)山評審驗(yan)收。
